Seroprevalence of IgM and IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Asymptomatic People in Wuhan: Data from a General Hospital Near South China Seafood Wholesale Market during March to April in 2020 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people in Wuhan. This was a cross-sectional study, which enrolled 18,712 asymptomatic participants from 154 work units in Wuhan. Pearson Chi-square test,

Effect of cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance commitment therapy on anxiety and depression in the elderly / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To compare the effects of Acceptance Commitment Therapy(ACT) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy(CBT) on anxiety and depression in the elderly,and to explore the psychological mechanism of ACT to improve anxiety and depression.Methods A total of 25 elderly people were screened from four communities in Beijing.According to the place of residence,12 persons were enrolled in the ACT group and 13 persons were enrolled in the CBT group.The mindful attention awareness scale,geriatric anxiety inventory,geriatric depression scale,the acceptance and action questionnaire-Ⅱ and cognitive fusion questionnaire were evaluated before regrouping (T1),after six regiments (T2) and 5 weeks after the end of the intervention (T3).Results (1) On the level of mindfulness,the score of ACT group was higher than that in CBT group at T2(ACT:80.31 ±6.18,CBT:74.20±4.48,t=2.52,P＜0.05) and T3 (ACT:82.20±4.48,CBT:70.00± 12.23,t=4.56,P＜0.01).(2) On the level of anxiety there was significant difference between the two groups at T2(ACT:2.88±1.86,CBT:8.87±2.80,t=-8.15,P＜0.01) and T3(ACT:5.38±2.02,CBT:10.50±2.66,t=-6.93,P＜0.01),and ACT group was higher than the CBT group.(3)On the levels of depression there was significant difference between the two groups at T 1 (ACT:4.59 ± 3.97,CBT:7.89± 6.39,t =-2.25,P＜0.05),the ACT group was lower than the CBT group.The CBT group on the levels of depression there was a significant difference T1 and T2 (t=2.92,P＜0.05).(4) On the level of psychological flexibility,there was a significant difference between the two groups at T2 (ACT:41.38 ± 8.28,CBT:49.60± 3.52,t =-3.64,P＜0.01)and T3(ACT:40.80±7.66,CBT:52.47±6.23,t=-4.98,P＜0.01),and ACT group was lower than the CBT group.(5) Empirical avoidance only achieved a significant level of intermediate effects between ACT therapy and anxiety.In the ACT group,the median effect of empirical avoidance on anxiety was 11.40％.Conclusion The effect of CBT on depression is better than that of ACT,while the effect of ACT on the level of mindfulness,anxiety and mental flexibility is better than that of CBT.ACT with psychological flexibility as a psychological mechanism can improve the mental flexibility of the individual more than the CBT.

Prediction of CpG islands and functional verification on promoters of FPS, SS, SE in Eleutherococcus senticosus / 中草药

Objective: To obtain the distribution and functional activity of CpG islands in promoters of FPS, SS, and SE from Eleutherococcus Senticosus. Methods: Based on the promoter sequence of FPS, SS and SE, CpG islands were predicted by using EMBOSS and Li Lab. The functional verification of transformed Arabidopsis thaliana was mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens by using GUS and pCAMBIA1301 plasmid as the reporter gene and expression vector respectively. Results: Two CpG islands were found in FPS and SS promoter with the lengths of 520 bp, 218 bp and 108 bp, 103 bp, and three CpG islands in SE promoter in 290 bp, 119 bp and 149bp. The promoters of FPS, SS and SE all had promoter activities at different level, in which SS promoter was the highest one. Conclusion: The functional verification and distributions of CpG islands in the promoters area of FPS, SS, and SE were reported in this research at first time, which established the foundation for the methylation analysis of FPS, SS, and SE and the further studying of the mechanism expression regulation in E. Senticosus.

Clinical application of microwave ablation in treatment of severe traumatic liver rupture / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of microwave ablation assistant therapy in severe traumatic liver rup -ture.Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with severe traumatic liver rupture treated by microwave ablation in Fuling central hospital from October 2012 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed .The treatment effect ,operation time ,intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications were observed .Results Among the 42 patients,simple microwave ablation hemostasis was performed in 11 cases,microwave ablation hemostasis and deep mattress suture in 13 cases and microwave ablation hemostasis debridement plus partial hepatectomy in 18 ca-ses.Forty cases were cured .During perioperative period ,3 cases of bile leakage occurred ,massive ascites was found in 2 cases,massive pleu-ral effusion was found in 4 cases,incision infection was found in 2 cases,transient mild hemoglobinuria occurred in 3 cases.After treatment, the patients recovered to normal without postoperative bleeding ,gastrointestinal leakage ,liver failure or other complications .During the follow-up of at least 2 months,massive pleural effusion occurred in 3 cases,liver abscess in 2 cases,no deaths more.Conclusion Microwave abla-tion assisted treatment of severe traumatic liver rupture is a relatively safe and effective method ,it can reduce operation time and intraoperative bleeding and be used in clinical practice .

Analysis of transicriptomes and exploring flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes in Lithocarpus polystachyus / 中国中药杂志

The sweet taste and health effect of Lithocarpus polystachyus are mainly related flavonoid. To obtain Lithocarpus transcriptome database and flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes, the RNA-Seq techology (Illumina HiSeq 4000) was used to sequence its transcriptome. Six Gb database was assembled after assembly steps, and 41 043 of L. polystachyus unigenes were obtained. With blasting them with 7 data banks, all unigenes were involved in 51 GO-terms and 237 metabolic pathways. And furthermore 28 genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis-related were found. After using the MicroSatallite, 18 161 SSR were obtained, the single-nucleotide-repeated was the richest at 7 346. These data represent abundant messages about transcripts and provide valuable genome data sources in molecular biology of L. polystachyus.

Expression profiles analysis of two member of squaleneepoxidase gene family from Eleutherococcus senticosus / 中国中药杂志

In order to find the characteristics of two members of gene family of squaleneexpoxidase (SE) , a quantitative real time PCR method was developed to analyze the expression of Eleutherococcus senticosus SE1 and SE2 gene from different growth periods and in different organs. The result indicated that all the expression of SE2 more than SE1 in the whole growth period and organs of E. senticosus. And in the whole growth period, expression of SE1 showed a low-high-low characteristic. Both expression of SE2 and growth period showed the same trend. The lowest content of the expression was in the roots. SE1 expression have been improved more than SE2 when treated with MeJA. The expression of E. senticosus SE1 and saponins content had significantly positive correlation (P < 0.05) and the correlation coefficients was 0. 858, while the correlation was not significant for SE2. That indicated that SE1 played a key enzyme gene in the biosynthesis of triterpenoidsaponins

Epithelial Sodium and Chloride Channels and Asthma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To focus on the asthmatic pathogenesis and clinical manifestations related to epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)/chlorine ion channel.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>The data analyzed in this review were the English articles from 1980 to 2015 from journal databases, primarily PubMed and Google Scholar. The terms used in the literature search were: (1) ENaCs; cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR); asthma/asthmatic, (2) ENaC/sodium salt; CF; asthma/asthmatic, (3) CFTR/chlorine ion channels; asthma/asthmatic, (4) ENaC/sodium channel/scnn1a/scnn1b/scnn1g/scnn1d/amiloride-sensitive/amiloride-inhibtable sodium channels/sodium salt; asthma/asthmatic, lung/pulmonary/respiratory/tracheal/alveolar, and (5) CFTR; CF; asthma/asthmatic (ti).</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>These studies included randomized controlled trials or studies covering asthma pathogenesis and clinical manifestations related to ENaC/chlorine ion channels within the last 25 years (from 1990 to 2015). The data involving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and CF obtained from individual studies were also reviewed by the authors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Airway surface liquid dehydration can cause airway inflammation and obstruction. ENaC and CFTR are closely related to the airway mucociliary clearance. Ion transporters may play a critical role in pathogenesis of asthmatic exacerbations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ion channels have been the center of many studies aiming to understand asthmatic pathophysiological mechanisms or to identify therapeutic targets for better control of the disease.</p>

Rapid detection and identification of infectious pathogens based on high-throughput sequencing / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The dilemma of pathogens identification in patients with unidentified clinical symptoms such as fever of unknown origin exists, which not only poses a challenge to both the diagnostic and therapeutic process by itself, but also to expert physicians.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this report, we have attempted to increase the awareness of unidentified pathogens by developing a method to investigate hitherto unidentified infectious pathogens based on unbiased high-throughput sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Our observations show that this method supplements current diagnostic technology that predominantly relies on information derived five cases from the intensive care unit. This methodological approach detects viruses and corrects the incidence of false positive detection rates of pathogens in a much shorter period. Through our method is followed by polymerase chain reaction validation, we could identify infection with Epstein-Barr virus, and in another case, we could identify infection with Streptococcus viridians based on the culture, which was false positive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This technology is a promising approach to revolutionize rapid diagnosis of infectious pathogens and to guide therapy that might result in the improvement of personalized medicine.</p>

Gene cloning and expression level of bAS and their correlation with content of saponins in Eleutherococcus senticosus / 中草药

Objective: To clone β-amyrin synthase (bAS) gene from Eleutherococcus senticosus and analyze the effect of its expression on saponin contents. Methods: The sequence of cDNA of E. senticosus bAS was cloned by homologous cloning strategy. Quantitative real time PCR was developed to analyze the expression pattern of E. senticosus bAS gene. And E. senticosus saponin contents were measured by spectrophotometry method. Results: Length 1 223 and 1 226 bp of E. senticosus bAS1 and bAS2 genes were cloned. The results showed that bAS1 and bAS2 were expressed in the each growth period and every organ of E. senticosus, and the expression differed significantly (P < 0.05). bAS1 showed the highest expression when the plants were grown in germination stage, then rapidly depressed, and changed slightly in the end. The expression of bAS2 showed the characteristic of low-high-low. The expression of bAS1 in different organs of E. senticosus was constant, but the highest content of the expression of bAS2 was in the leaves. With the treatment of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), bAS2 expression has been significantly improved and bAS1 without a significant changing. There exists significantly positive correlation (P < 0.01) between the content of E. senticosus saponins and the expression levels of bAS2, and bAS1 without a significant difference. Conclusion: bAS2 may be a key enzyme gene in the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins.

Retrospective analysis on 222 patients with pancytopenia / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the patients′cell morphology characteristics in peripheral blood and bone marrow with the reduce of leukocyte,hemoglobin and platelet in peripheral blood,and analyze the common cause.Methods From June 2005 to Feb-ruary 2011,222 patients with pancytopenia treated in the hospital were enrolled in the study,whose peripheral blood and bone mar-row smears were stained by Wright,combined with histochemical staining and the clinical data of patients,the disease types were analyzed.Results In the 222 patients with pancytopenia,patients with hematopoietic system disease accounted for 84.65% (188/222),non-hematopoietic system disease accounted for 15.35%(34/222),the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05 ).In 150 patients whose peripheral blood smears were obseved,58% patients obtained positive results.Conclusion The diseases of hem-atopoietic system are the common cause of pancytopenia,but can not ignore the non-hematopoietic system diseases.Peripheral blood smear has a high value in the diagnosis of these diseases.

Application of the China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System in Guangxi, 2009-2011 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze and further improvement the application of the China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System (CIDARS) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Results related to the amount of signal, proportion of signal responded, time to signal response, manner of signal verification and on each signal of Guangxi in CIDARS from 2009 to 2011 were described. Performance was compared between the periods of pre/ post the adjustment of parameters in CIDARS on December 10, 2010.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 29 788 signals were generated on 16 infectious diseases in the system in Guangxi. 100% signals had been responded with the median time to response as 1.5 hours. The average amount of signal per county per week was 1.7;with 624 signals(2.09%)verified as suspected outbreaks preliminarily and 191 outbreaks of 9 diseases were finally confirmed by further field investigation. The sensitivity of CIDARS was 89.25% , and the timeliness of detection was 2.8 d. After adjusting the parameter of CIDARS, the number of signals reduced, and the sensitivity and timeliness of detection improved for most of the diseases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The signals of CIDARS were responded timely, and the performance of CIDARS might be improved by adjusting the parameters of early-warning model, which helped enhance the ability of outbreaks-detection for local public health departments. However the current proportion of false positive signals still seemed to be high, suggesting that both the methods and parameters should be improved, according to the characteristics of different diseases.</p>

The application of China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System in Zhejiang province, 2012 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze and evaluate the application of China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System(CIDARS)in Zhejiang province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data through the monitoring program in 2012 was analyzed descriptively and compared with the incidence data in the same period as well information related to public health emergency events.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 14 292 signals were generated on 28 kinds of infectious diseases in the system, in Zhejiang province. 100% of the signals had been responded and the median time to response was 0.81 hours. 123 signals (0.86%)were preliminarily verified as suspected outbreaks and 33 outbreaks were finally confirmed by further field investigation, with a positive ratio of 0.23% . Information related to regional distribution showed significant differences which reflecting a positive correlation between the numbers of diseases and the time of early-warning(r = 0. 97, P < 0.01). Distribution of information related to different types of diseases was also significantly different, showing a positive correlation between the prevalent strength of the disease and the amount of information in a specific area(r = 0.80, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CIDARS had a good performance which could be used to assist the local public health institutions on early detection of possible outbreaks at the early stage. However, the effectiveness was different for different regions and diseases.</p>

Reconstruction of upper lip defect / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinical experience for the reconstruction of upper lip defects in different degrees.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Different treatment methods were selected to reconstruct the upper lip defects according to the subunit, size or location of defects on the upper lip. The therapeutic results were analyzed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From Jan. 1998 to Apr. 2012, 243 cases with upper lip defects were treated, including 85 cases of traumatic defects, 110 cases of defects secondary to lip cleft and 48 cases of defects after tumor resection. 48 cases were treated with direct closure, 69 cases with cross-lip flaps, 5 Cases with orbicularis oris muscle flaps, 53 cases with unilateral labial flaps, 42 cases with bilateral labial flaps, 22 cases with lower lip flaps, and 1 case with forehead flap, 1 case with forearm flap and 2 with nasolabial fold flaps. The patients were followed up for 3-18 months with satisfactory results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Satisfactory results could be achieved for upper lip defects with appropriate treatment methods according to the defects degree and characters.</p>

Detection of NPM1 gene mutation in acute myeloid leukemia / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the frequency of NPM1 mutation in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and the relationship between NPM1 mutation and chromosome alterations,as well as FAB subgroups,and to analyze the mutation type.MethodsA total of 99 de novo AML patients from 2004 to 2010 in China-Japan Friendship Hospital were studied.Genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and capillary electrophoresis were used to detect the mutation of NPM1 gene in 99 AML patients,and karyotyping was performed in 72 AML patients by G banding techniques.DNA sequences analysis of NPM1 mutation was performed on 10 patients.Chi-square test was used to compare the frequencies of NPM1 mutation among the different subgroups,and McNemar's test was used to compare the different rates between denaturing PAGE and capillary electrophoresis.ResultsThe frequencies of NPM1 mutations were detected in 15％ (15/99) of AML patients with capillary electrophoresis and 11％ (11/99 ) with denaturing PAGE(x2 =2.25,P ＞0.05 ).The NPM1 was at different rates in M2(27％,8/30),M5(32％,6/19),M6( 13％,1/8),respectively (x2 =1.06,P ＞ 0.05 ),and not detected in the other subgroups.NPM1 mutation in patients with normal karyotype(26％ ) was more prevalent than patients with abnormal karyotype (4％) (x2 =5.61,P ＜ 0.05)All of the 10 patients were of A type ( c.860_863dupTCTG).The C-terminal portion of the NPM protein by replacing the last seven amino acids(WQWRKSL) with 11 residues (CLAVEEVSLRK).Two intronic deletions were novel,one case was IVS10-18_-15delCTTT,the other was IVS10-17_-15delTTT.Conclusions NPM1 mutations represents a common genetic abnormality in AML patients,and NPM1 mutation in patients with normal karyotype is higher than patients with abnormal karyotype.Two new intronic deletion mutations are identified.

Preliminary application on China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System (CIDARS), between 2008 and 2010 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the results of application on China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System(CIDARS)and for further improving the system. Methods Amount of signal, proportion of signal responded, time to signal response, manner of signal verification and the outcome of each signal in CIDARS were descriptively analyzed from July 1,2008to June 30, 2010. Results A total of 533 829 signals were generated nationwide on 28 kinds of infectious diseases in the system. 97.13% of the signals had been responded and the median time to response was 1.1 hours. Among them, 2472 signals were generated by the fixed-value detection method which involved 9 kinds of diseases after the preliminary verification, field investigation and laboratory tests. 2202 signals were excluded, and finally 246 cholera cases, 15 plague cases and 9H5N1 cases as well as 39 outbreaks of cholera were confirmed. 531 357 signals were generated by the other method - the 'moving percentile method' which involved 19 kinds of diseases. The average amount of signal per county per week was 1.65, with 6603 signals(1.24%)preliminarily verified as suspected outbreaks and 1594 outbreaks were finally confirmed by further field investigation. For diseases in CIDARS, the proportion of signals related to suspected outbreaks to all triggered signals showed a positive correlation with the proportion of cases related to outbreaks of all the reported cases (r=0.963, P＜0.01). Conclusion The signals of CIDARS were responded timely, and the signal could act as a clue for potential outbreaks, which helped enhancing the ability on outbreaks detection for local public health departments.

Comparison on the performance of both temporal and temporal-spatial models for outbreak detection through China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System(CIDARS) / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the pilot results of both temporal and temporal-spatial models in outbreaks detection in China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System (CIDARS)to further improve the system. Methods The amount of signal, sensitivity, false alarm rate and time to detection regarding these two models of CIDARS, were analyzed from December 6,2009 to December 5,2010 in 221 pilot counties of 20 provinces. Results The sensitivity of these two models was equal(both 98.15%). However, when comparing to the temporal model, the temporal-spatial model had a 59.86% reduction on the signals(15 702)while the false alarm rate of the temporal-spatial model(0.73%)was lower than the temporal model(1.79%), and the time to detection of the temporal-spatial model(0 day)was also 1 day shorter than the temporal model.Conclusion Comparing to the temporal model, the temporal-spatial model of CIDARS seemed to be better performed on outbreak detection.

The effectiveness of China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System(CIDARS)in the local regions / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the effectiveness of China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System(CIDARS)for outbreak detection at the regional level.Methods Two counties in Hunan province(Yuelu and Shuangfeng county)and two counties in Yunnan province(Xishan and Gejiu county)were chosen as the study areas. Data from CIDARS were analyzed on the following items: reported cases, warning signals, the time interval of signal response feedback, way of signal verification, outcome of signal verification and field investigation, from July 1,2008 to June 30,2010. Results In total, 12 346 cases from 28 kinds of diseases were reported,and 2096 signals of 19 diseases were generated by the system, with an average of 4.94 signals per county per week. The median of time interval on signal verification feedback was 0.70 hours(P25-P75:0.06-1.29 h)and the main way of signal preliminary verification was through the review of surveillance data(account for 63.07%). Among all the signals, 34 of them(1.62%)were considered to be related to suspected events via the preliminary verification at the local level. Big differences were found to have existed on the proportion of signals related to the suspected events of the total signals among the four counties, with Shuangfeng county as 4.71%, Yuelu county as 1.88%, Gejiu county as 0.95% and Xishan county as 0.58%. After an indepth study on the fields of suspected events, 12outbreaks were finally confirmed, including 5 on rubella, 4 on mumps, 2 on influenza and 1 on typhoid fever. Conclusion CIDARS could be used to assist the local public health institutions on early detection of possible outbreaks at the early stage. However, the effectiveness was different depending on the regions and diseases.

Comparison on the different thresholds on the 'moving percentile method' for outbreak detection / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To compare the different thresholds of 'moving percentile method' for outbreak detection in the China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System (CIDARS). Methods The thresholds of P50, P60, P70, P80 and P90 were respectively adopted as the candidates of early warning thresholds on the moving percentile method. Aberration was detected through the reported cases of 19 notifiable infectious diseases nationwide from July 1,2008 to June 30,2010. Number of outbreaks and time to detection were recorded and the amount of signals acted as the indicators for determining the optimal threshold of moving percentile method in CIDARS. Results The optimal threshold for bacillary and amebic dysentery was P50. For non-cholera infectious diarrhea,dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid, and epidemic mumps, it was P60. As for hepatitis A, influenza and rubella, the threshold was P70, but for epidemic encephalitis B it was P80. For the following diseses as scarlet fever, typhoid and paratyphoid, hepatitis E, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, malaria, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, meningococcal meningitis, leptospirosis, dengue fever, epidemic endemic typhus,hepatitis C and measles, it was P90. When adopting the adjusted optimal threshold for 19 infectious diseases respectively, 64 840(12.20%)signals had a decrease, comparing to the adoption of the former defaulted threshold(P50)during the 2 years. However, it did not reduce the number of outbreaks being detected as well as the time to detection, in the two year period. Conclusion The optimal thresholds of moving percentile method for different kinds of diseases were different.Adoption of the right optimal threshold for a specific disease could further optimize the performance of outbreak detection for CIDARS.

The comparison of two different types of baseline data regarding the performance of aberration detection algorithm for infectious disease outbreaks / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To compare the performance of aberration detection algorithm for infectious disease outbreaks, based on two different types of baseline data. Methods Cases and outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) reported by six provinces of China in 2009 were used as the source of data. Two types of baseline data on algorithms of C1 ,C2 and C3 were tested, by distinguishing the baseline data of weekdays and weekends. Time to detection (TTD) and false alarm rate (FAR) were adopted as two evaluation indices to compare the performance of 3 algorithms based on these two types of baseline data. Results A total of 405 460 cases of HFMD were reported by 6 provinces in 2009. On average,each county reported 1.78 cases per day during the weekdays and 1.29 cases per day during weekends, with significant difference (P<0.01) between them. When using the baseline data without distinguish weekdays and weekends, the optimal thresholds for C1, C2 and C3 was 0.2,0.4 and 0.6 respectively while the TTD of C1,C2 and C3 was all 1 day and the FARs were 5.33% ,4.88% and 4.50% respectively. On the contrast, when using the baseline data to distinguish the weekdays and weekends, the optimal thresholds for C1, C2 and C3 became 0.4,0.6 and 1.0 while the TTD of Cl,C2 and C3 also appeared equally as 1 day.However, the FARs became 4.81%,4.75% and 4.16% respectively, which were lower than the baseline data from the first type. Conclusion The number of HFMD cases reported in weekdays and weekends were significantly different, suggesting that when using the baseline data to distinguish weekdays and weekends, the FAR of C1, C2 and C3 algorithm could effectively reduce so as to improve the accuracy of outbreak detection.

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene mutation in acute myeloid leukemia detected by denaturing PAGE and its clinical significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of flt3 length mutation (flt3-LM) in de novo acute myeloid leukemia patients and the relationship between flt3-LM and chromosome alterations, FAB subgroups, as well as efficiency of therapy. Genomic DNA was amplified by PCR; 2% agarose gel or 8% denaturing PAGE were used to detect the length mutation of flt3 gene in 99 de novo acute myeloid leukemia patients; karyotyping in 72 AML patients was performed by G banding technique. The results showed that the flt3-LM was detected in 20.2% (20/99) patients by agarose gel electrophoresis, and in 29.9% (29/99) by denaturing PAGE. The flt3-LM was not detected in M(0) (only one patient was available), but flt3-LM occurrence in AML subtypes was as follow: in M(2) (9/30), M(3) (6/27), M(4) (4/14), M(5) (7/19), M(6) (3/8) respectively. flt3-LM in patients with normal karyotypes (39.13%) was more prevalent as compared with patients of abnormal karyotype (24.49%), but there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05). The complete remission (CR) rate in flt3-LM positive patients (36.36%) was lower than that in flt3-LM negative patients (62.75%) in the 73 patients (p < 0.05) whose karyotypic detection was performed. The distributions of flt3-LM were observed in 8 out of 40 CR patients, 8 out of 21 PR patients, and 6 out of 12 NR patients. It is concluded that the denaturing PAGE is more sensitive and reliable to detect the flt3-LM. The flt3 mutation represents a common genetic abnormality in AML patients, and the flt3-LM is associated with lower CR rate.